In the northern part of the Great Barrier Reef, hundreds of female green sea turtles are born for every male, as a result of climate change. A study has found that pollution may further worsen this gender bias, pushing the species closer to extinction. 

Published in the journal Frontiers in Marine Science, the findings describe how exposure to heavy metals like cadmium and antimony and certain organic contaminants can cause more female green sea turtles to be born.

In November 2019, researchers from University of Plymouth recorded unexpected evidence of coral bleaching more than 90 metres below the ocean surface. 

Describing their discovery as a "huge surprise," Dr Phil Hosegood, Associate Professor in Physical Oceanography at the University of Plymouth and lead on the project, said: "Deeper corals had always been thought of as being resilient to ocean warming, because the waters they inhabit are cooler than at the surface and were believed to remain relatively stable."

To safeguard the survival of coral reefs around the world, portable aquariums can be set up in remote areas to propagate young corals that can be used for reef restoration.

Known as ReefSeed, this containerised system is being developed by Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) in collaboration with the Maldives Marine Research Institute (MMRI).